الرد على شبهة اقتباس قصة توبة ادم عليه الصلاة و السلام

[محمد سني 1989]

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

قال تعالى : (( فَأَزَلَّهُمَا الشَّيْطَانُ عَنْهَا فَأَخْرَجَهُمَا مِمَّا كَانَا فِيهِ ۖ وَقُلْنَا اهْبِطُوا بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ ۖ وَلَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُسْتَقَرٌّ وَمَتَاعٌ إِلَىٰ حِينٍ (36) فَتَلَقَّىٰ آدَمُ مِن رَّبِّهِ كَلِمَاتٍ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ (37)))

يدعي اعداء الاسلام اليوم من الملاحدة و المنصرين ان توبة ادم عليه الصلاة و السلام كما في الاية الكريمة اعلاه مقتبس من كتب يهودية متاخرة و هي مجرد كتب تفسيرية تحتوي على الاساطير لا اقل و لا اكثر

و الحقيقة عكس ذلك اذ ان المتتبع للمصادر التي يدعون اقتباس القران منها لا تخلو ان تكون احد ثلاثة :
1. مصادر بعد الاسلام (بعد القرن السابع)
2. مصادر جمعت بشكل اولي قبل الاسلام بزمن بسيط و لكنها تعرضت لاضافات و تنقيحات كثيرة لقرون امتدت الى فترة ما بعد الاسلام
3. مصادر قبل الاسلام بقرون طويلة تمتد الى فترة ما قبل المسيح عليه الصلاة و السلام ويصل تراثها الشفهي الى زمان ابعد من ذلك .

المصادر التي يدعي هؤلاء الاقتباس منها هي :
1. مدراش فرقي العازر
2. كتاب ابوت راباي ناثان
3. كتاب ادم و حواء ( الترجمة اللاتينية)
4. التلمود

ملاحظة: قصة توبة ادم عليه الصلاة و السلام تختلف جوهريا و جذريا عن قصة توبته في المصادر التي سنعرضها بحيث ان فكرة او شبهة الاقتباس تكاد تكون منعدمة للقارئ البسيط ولا يوجد اي تقاطع بين القصتين الا من حيث المبدا العام للتوبة . وقد يتساءل القارئ عن سبب ذكري لهذا الموضوع كشبهة مع عدم وجود اي نوع من التطابق او التشابه فاقول حينها وبحول الله ان السبب هو ما يحتمل من تلقف الالسنة الشعواء لهذه الشبهة و نشرها و تداولها بين العوام (و خاصة السذج منهم) في وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي و المنتديات و غيرها .

سنرد باذن الله على كل نقطة على حدة

اولا : مدراش فرقي العازر

النص المدعى للاقتباس :
مدراش فرقي العازر الفصل العشرون :
On the first day of the week he went into the waters of the upper Gihon until the waters reached up to his neck, and he fasted seven weeks of days, until his body became like a species of seaweed. Adam said before the Holy One, blessed be He: Sovereign of all worlds ! Remove, I pray Thee, my sins from me and accept my repentance, and all the generations will learn that repentance is a reality. What did the Holy One, blessed be He, do? He put forth His right hand, and accepted his repentance, and took away from him his sin, as it is said, "I acknowledge my sin unto thee, and mine iniquity have I not hid: I said, I will confess my transgressions unto the Lord; and thou forgavest the iniquity of my sin. Selah" (Ps. 32:5)
https://www.sefaria.org/Pirkei_DeRab...r.20.9?lang=en

دعوى الاقتباس مردودة لعلتين :

1. مدراش فرقي العازر تم تاليفه بعد الاسلام فقيل في القرن التاسع وقيل في الثامن فالاقتباس اذا مستحيل هنا لانه متاخر عن الاسلام
نقرا من الموسوعة اليهودية :
PIRḲE DE-RABBI ELI'EZER:
By: Joseph Jacobs, Schulim Ochser
Haggadicmidrashic work on Genesis, part of Exodus, and a few sentences of Numbers; ascribed to R. Eliezer b. Hyrcanus, and composed in Italy shortly after 833. It is quoted immediately before the end of the twelfth century under the following titles: Pirḳe Rabbi Eli'ezer ha-Gadol (Maimonides, "Moreh," ii., xxvi.); Pirḳe Rabbi Eli'ezer ben Hyrcanus ("Seder R. Amram," ed. Warsaw, 1865, p. 32a); Baraita de-Rabbi Eli'ezer("'Aruk," s.v. ; Rashi on Gen. xvii. 3; gloss to Rashi on Meg. 22b; David Ḳimḥi, "Shorashim," s.v. ); Haggadah de-Rabbi Eli'ezer ben Hyrcanus (R. Tam, in Tos. Ket. 99a).
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/ar...rabbi-eli-ezer

بل على العكس فان هذا المدراش تاثر مؤلفه كثيرا بالاسلام و ليس العكس و حتى في القصص المتعلقة بادم عليه الصلاة و السلام

وذكرت الموسوعة اليهودية ذلك نقلا عن المستشرق زونز :
Another legend connects the building of the Kaaba with Abraham. When the time came for Adam to die, he had forgotten the gift of forty years to David, and had to be reminded of it by the Angel of Death. He is said to have been buried in the "Cave of Treasures"—a Christian, rather than a Jewish, idea. Several of these peculiar features are found again in the Pirḳe de-Rabbi Eliezer, a work that was compiled under Arabic influence (Zunz, "G. V." 2d ed., pp. 289 et seq.).
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/758-adam

و نقرا في مقدمة مدراش فرقي العازر :
Composed in Talmudic Israel/Babylon (c.630 - c.1030 CE). Pirke de-Rabbi Eliezer (Chapters of Rabbi Eliezer) is an aggadic-midrashic work on the Torah containing exegesis and retellings of biblical stories. The composition enjoyed widespread circulation and recognition throughout Jewish history, and continues to do so in the present. Traditionally, it has been understood to be a tannaitic composition which originated with the tanna Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus, - a disciple of Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakai and teacher of Rabbi Akiva - and his disciples. However, modern scholarship has shown the book in fact a a medieval work from the 8th Century. The work is divided into 54 chapters, which may be divided into seven groups. Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer comprises exegesis, legends and folklore, as well as astronomical discussions related to the story of the Creation. The author dwells longest on the description of the second day of Creation, in which the Ma'aseh ha-Merkavah (Ezek. i.) is described in various forms.
https://www.sefaria.org/Pirkei_DeRabbi_Eliezer?lang=en

2. الاختلافات الشاسعة بين نص المدراش و بين السياق القراني :
النص المدراشي يذكر ان ادم عليه الصلاة و السلام من اجل طلب المغفرة دخل في مياه نهر جيحون وصام سبعة اسابيع ثم في نهاية السبع اسابيع دعا بدعاء استجاب الله عز وجل له و غفر له بينما النص القراني لا يذكر نهر جيحون و لا الصيام و لا غير ذلك بل كلمات تلقاها ادم عليه الصلاة و السلام من ربه ثم تاب عليه .


ثانيا : كتاب ابوت راباي ناثان :

النص المدعى للاقتباس :
كتاب ابوت راباي ناثان الفصل الاول نقلا من موسوعة اليهودية ( نظرا لعدم تمكني من ايجاد النص بالانجليزية ):
Adam is represented as a type of a penitent sinner. Thus, he is described in Vita Adæ et Evæ, as well as by the rabbis of the second century ('Er. 18b; 'Ab. Zarah, 8a; Ab. R. N. i.; Pirḳe R. El.), as undergoing a terrible ordeal while fasting, praying, and bathing in the river for seven and forty days (seven weeks, Pirḳe R. El.), or twice seven weeks
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/758-adam

دعوى الاقتباس مردودة لعلتين :

1. الكتاب تم تاليفه بعد الاسلام فقيل بين القرن الثامن و التساع وقيل العاشر فالاقتباس اذا مستحيل هنا لانه متاخر عن الاسلام .
نقرا من الموسوعة اليهودية : The designation "De-Rabbi Nathan" may perhaps be explained by the circumstance that R. Nathan is one of the first authorities mentioned in the opening chapter of the work. Perhaps the school of the tannaite R. Nathan originated the work. It is also called Tosefta to Abot (see Horowitz, "Uralte Toseftas," i. 6, Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1889; Brüll's "Jahrbücher," ix. 139 et seq.). The two recensions of the work in their present shape evidently have different authors; but who they were can not be ascertained. Probably they belonged to the period of the Geonim, between the eighth and ninth centuries.
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/ar...e-rabbi-nathan

نقرا من مقدمة الكتاب :
Composed in Talmudic Israel/Babylon (c.650 - c.950 CE). The minor tractates (Masekhtot Ketanot) are essays from the Tannaitic period or later dealing with topics about which no formal tractate exists in the Mishnah. The first eight or so contain much original material; the last seven or so are collections of material scattered throughout the Talmud. Avot of Rabbi Natan (Father Rabbi Nathan). The Schechter edition contains two different versions (version A has 41 chapters and version B has 48).
https://www.sefaria.org/Avot_D'Rabbi_Natan?lang=en

2. الاختلافات الشاسعة بين النص في كتاب ابوت راباي ناثان وبين النص القراني :
نص الكتاب يذكر الصيام لمدة 47 يوما في النهر بينما السياق القراني لا يذكر هذا انما يذكر ان ادم عليه الصلاة و السلام تلقى كلمات من ربه فتاب عليه بعدها و لا وجود للصيام و لا النهر .


ثالثا :الترجمة اللاتينية لكتاب حياة ادم و حواء المعروف ب Vita Adami et Evae:
النص المدعي للاقتباس :
نقرا في الترجمة اللاتينية لحياة ادم و حواء الفصل السادس و السابع و الثامن :
6.1 Adam said to Eve: "You cannot do as much as I, but do as much so that you might be saved. For I will do forty days of fasting. You, however, arise and go to the Tigris River and take a stone and stand upon it in the water up to your neck in the depth of the river. Let not a word go forth from your mouth since we are unworthy to ask of the Lord for our lips are unclean from the illicit and forbidden tree.
6.2 Stand in the water of the river for thirtyseven days. I however, will do forty days in the water of the Jordan. Perhaps the Lord will have mercy on us."
7.1 Eve walked to the Tigris River and did just as Adam told her.ت
7.2 Likewise, Adam walked to the Jordan River and stood upon a rock up to his neck in the water.
8.1 Adam said: "I say to you, water of the Jordan, mourn with me and separate from me all swimming creatures which are in you. Let them surround me and mourn with me.
8.2 Let them not lament for themselves, but for me, for they have not sinned, but I."
8.3 Immediately, all living things came and surrounded him and the water of the Jordan stood from that hour not flowing in its course.
http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/anders.../vita.lat.html

و الكتاب له نظير باليونانية و يسمى ب Apocalypsis Mosis اي رؤيا موسى

و اقول : ان دعوى الاقتباس هنا قائمة على اساس باطل الا و هي دعوى ان هذا السفر لا اصل له و هو عمل منحول لبعض الربانيين و الاحبار لمجرد عدم دخوله في قانونية اسفار الكتاب المقدس اليوم

و هذا مردود لاكثر من سبب :

اولا : ان الترجمة اللاتينية لكتاب حياة ادم و حواء Vita Adami et Evae و الترجمة اليونانية Apocalypse of Moses مقتبسان من اصل عبري مفقود يرجع تاريخ تدوينه الى فترة ما قبل تدمير الهيكل الثاني بل الى فترة ما قبل المسيح عليه الصلاة و السلام و تحديدا الفترة الهيلينية و هذا يعني انه قد يكون مستمد من تراث شفهي اقدم
نقرا من الموسوعة اليهودية :
There can be no doubt, however, that there existed at an early date, perhaps even before the destruction of the Second Temple, a collection of legends of Adam and Eve which have been partially preserved, not in their original language, but somewhat changed. It is possible to prove that the apocryphas, Apocalypsis Mosis— as Tischendorf, following a copyist's erroneous inscription, called the book—and Vita Adæ et Evæ, and to a certain degree even their Slavonic, Syriac, Ethiopic, and Arabic offshoots, are of identical Jewish origin. According to these apocryphal works and to the Eastern and Western forms of the Apocalypsis, the Jewish portion of the Book of Adam must have read somewhat as follows (the parallels in apocryphal and rabbinical literature are placed in parentheses)
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/ar...9-adam-book-of

نقرا من الموسوعة البريطانية :
Biography was an extremely popular literary genre during the late Hellenistic period of Judaism (3rd century BC to 3rd century AD), and legends of biblical figures were numerous. But all surviving Haggada (folk stories and anecdotes) about Adam and Eve are Christian works and are preserved in a number of ancient languages (e.g., Greek, Latin, Ethiopic). Although all Aramaic and Hebrew texts have been lost, the basic material was presumably of Jewish authorship
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Life-of-Adam-and-Eve

ويقدر تاريخ تدوين الترجمتين اليونانية و اللاتينية بين الاعوام 20 قبل الميلاد - 70 بعد الميلاد

نقرا من الموسوعة البريطانية :
Extant versions of the Life of Adam and Eve have consequently been used to reconstruct the supposed original, which was probably composed sometime between 20 BC and AD 70, because the apocalyptic portion of the work (chapter 29) seems to imply that the Herodian Temple of Jerusalem was functioning when the book was written. The book is primarily noteworthy for its imaginative retelling of the biblical story and for its inclusion of visions and angelology, both characteristic of Hellenistic religious writing
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Life-of-Adam-and-Eve

ثانيا : السفر خالي من الاضافات النصرانية حسب اقوال النقاد فتراجمه تخلو من التعديلات و التنقيحات النصرانية مما يزيدنا وثاقة بقوة ارتباط هاتين الترجمتين بالاصل العبري :
نقرا من الموسوعة اليهودية :
The reconstruction of the Jewish Book of Adam here attempted may be hypothetical in some points, for neither the Apoc. Mosis nor the Vita can be considered to represent a true copy of the original. But it makes clear that these two apocryphas are based on the Hebrew or Aramaic Book of Adam and that the latter belongs to the midrashic literature, as many of its allusions can only be explained by the Midrash.
...With regard to the alleged Christian elements and reminiscences of the New Testament in the Apoc. Mosis and Vita they will be sufficiently characterized by the following examples: Apoc. Mosis, iii., "Child of Wrath," is based on a haggadic etymology of the name Cain, and has nothing to do with Eph. ii. 3; and Apoc. Mosis, xix., "Lust is the beginning of all sin," is thoroughly Jewish (see above), and need not therefore have been taken from such a source as James, i. 15. This, moreover, is the case with all the other alleged Christian passages in the Apoc. Mosis, which would prove nothing, even if they were of Christian origin; for it can not be surprising to find Christian allusions in the language of a book so widely read among Christians as the Apocrypha. Even passages where one would expect that a Christian editor or compiler would interject Christological notions are quite free from them; all of which tends to show that neither the Apoc. Mosis nor the Vita was in any way tampered with by Christian writers.
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/759-adam-book-of

ثالثا : لم يكن للمسيحيين الاوائل و لا اباء الكنيسة نفس النظرة تجاه الاسفار الابوكريفية كما للنصارى اليوم بل ان في العهد الجديد اقتباسات واضحة من اسفار ابوكريفية .
نقرا مثلا من قاموس الكتاب المقدس :
ويقتبس كاتب رسالة يهوذا في عددي 14و15 سفر أخنوخ ص 1: 9. وكذلك يوجد لبعض الأقوال الخاصة بأواخر الأيام في العهد الجديد ما يقابلها في سفر أخنوخ. و في سفر أخنوخ. وقد اقتبس بعض الآباء في العصور المسيحية الأولى بعض أقوال هذا السفر. ومن بين هؤلاء جاستين الشهيد وأرينيوس وأكليمندوس الاسكندري وأوريجانوس. ولكن قادة المسيحيين فيما بعد أنكروا هذا الكتاب ورفضوه. ومن بين هؤلاء يوحنا فم الذهب وأغسطينوس وجيروم أو أورينيموس. ولم يعتبر اليهود او المسيحيون هذا الكتاب ضمن الأسفار القانونية.
http://st-takla.org/Full-Free-Coptic...A/A_121_1.html

تصريح اباء الكنيسة باقتباس العهد الجديد من اسفار ابوكريفية و اسفار ضائعة

اقتباس

اولا : تصريح جيروم
نقرا من انجيل متى 27:5 فَطَرَحَ الْفِضَّةَ فِي الْهَيْكَلِ وَانْصَرَفَ، ثُمَّ مَضَى وَخَنَقَ نَفْسَهُ. 6 فَأَخَذَ رُؤَسَاءُ الْكَهَنَةِ الْفِضَّةَ وَقَالُوا: «لاَ يَحِلُّ أَنْ نُلْقِيَهَا فِي الْخِزَانَةِ لأَنَّهَا ثَمَنُ دَمٍ».
7 فَتَشَاوَرُوا وَاشْتَرَوْا بِهَا حَقْلَ الْفَخَّارِيِّ مَقْبَرَةً لِلْغُرَبَاءِ.
8 لِهذَا سُمِّيَ ذلِكَ الْحَقْلُ «حَقْلَ الدَّمِ» إِلَى هذَا الْيَوْمِ.
9 حِينَئِذٍ تَمَّ

مَا قِيلَ بِإِرْمِيَا النَّبِيِّ

الْقَائِلِ: «وَأَخَذُوا الثَّلاَثِينَ مِنَ الْفِضَّةِ، ثَمَنَ الْمُثَمَّنِ الَّذِي ثَمَّنُوهُ مِنْ بَني إِسْرَائِيلَ،
10 وَأَعْطَوْهَا عَنْ حَقْلِ الْفَخَّارِيِّ، كَمَا أَمَرَنِي الرَّبُّ».

ذكر القديس جيروم ان ما اقتبسه متى في العدد التاسع موجود في احد الاسفار الابوكريفية لارمياء :يقول ادم كلارك في تفسيره :
Jeremy the prophet - The words quoted here are not found in the Prophet Jeremiah, but in Zac 11:13. But St.

Jerome says that a Hebrew of the sect of the Nazarenes showed him this prophecy in a Hebrew apocryphal copy of Jeremiah

; but probably they were inserted there only to countenance the quotation here.

https://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/cmt/clarke/mat027.htm

ثانيا : تصريح يوحنا ذهبي الفم
نقرا في متى 2 :
19 فَلَمَّا مَاتَ هِيرُودُسُ، إِذَا مَلاَكُ الرَّبِّ قَدْ ظَهَرَ فِي حُلْمٍ لِيُوسُفَ فِي مِصْرَ20 قَائِلاً: «قُمْ وَخُذِ الصَّبِيَّ وَأُمَّهُ وَاذْهَبْ إِلَى أَرْضِ إِسْرَائِيلَ، لأَنَّهُ قَدْ مَاتَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَطْلُبُونَ نَفْسَ الصَّبِيِّ».
21 فَقَامَ وَأَخَذَ الصَّبِيَّ وَأُمَّهُ وَجَاءَ إِلَى أَرْضِ إِسْرَائِيلَ.
22 وَلكِنْ لَمَّا سَمِعَ أَنَّ أَرْخِيلاَوُسَ يَمْلِكُ عَلَى الْيَهُودِيَّةِ عِوَضًا عَنْ هِيرُودُسَ أَبِيهِ، خَافَ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ إِلَى هُنَاكَ. وَإِذْ أُوحِيَ إِلَيْهِ فِي حُلْمٍ، انْصَرَفَ إِلَى نَوَاحِي الْجَلِيلِ.
23 وَأَتَى وَسَكَنَ فِي مَدِينَةٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا نَاصِرَ

ةُ، لِكَيْ يَتِمَّ مَا قِيلَ بِالأَنْبِيَاءِ: «إِنَّهُ سَيُدْعَى نَاصِرِيًّا

يصرح يوحنا ذهبي الفم ان العدد 23 لا يوجد في العهد القديم و لكنه ينتمي الى احد الاسفار الضائعة :نقرا من كتاب يوحنا ذهبي الفم Homilies on the Gospel of Matthew الفصل IX الصفحة 113
6. We see here the cause why the angel also, putting them at ease for
the future, restores them to their home. And not even this simply, but
he adds to it a prophecy, "That it might be fulfilled," saith he, "which
was spoken by the prophets, He shall be called a Nazarene."

And what manner of prophet said this? Be not curious, nor

overbusy. For many of the prophetic writings have been lost; and

this one may see from the history of the Chronicles.For being

negligent, and continually falling into ungodliness, some they

suffered to perish, others they themselves burnt upand cut to pieces.

The latter fact Jeremiah relates;the former, he who composed book of

Deuteronomy was hardly found, buried somewhere and lost

. But if,
when there was no barbarian there, they so betrayed their books,
much more when the barbarians had overrun them. For as to the
fact, that the prophet had foretold it, the apostles themselves in
many places call Him a Nazarene.

http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.e...atthew,_EN.pdf

رابعا : الاختلاف بين القصة الواردة في كتاب حياة ادم و حواء و بين السياق القراني :
القصة في كتاب ادم و حواء تذكر صيام ادم عليه الصلاة و السلام في نهر لاردن لمدة اربعين يوما وكذلك صيام حواء في نهر دجلة لمدة 37 يوما و لم تذكر ان كان الله عز وجل تاب عليهما ام لا اما القصة القرانية فتذكر ان ادم عليه الصلاة و السلام تلقى من ربه كلمات فتاب الله عز وجل عليه .

يتبع مع التلمود

[محمد سني 1989]

رابعا : التلمود :

النص المدعى للاقتباس :
نقرا من تلمود Eruvin 18b:
The Gemara raises an objection from a baraita: Rabbi Meir would say: Adam the first man was very pious. When he saw that death was imposed as a punishment because of him, he observed a fast for a hundred thirty years, and he separated from his wife for a hundred thirty years, and wore belts [zarzei] of fig leaves on his body as his only garment for a hundred thirty years.
https://www.sefaria.org/Eruvin.18b.1...h=all&lang2=en

و نقرا من تلمود Avoda Zarah 8a:
With regard to the dates of these festivals, the Sages taught: When Adam the first man saw that the day was progressively diminishing, as the days become shorter from the autumnal equinox until the winter solstice, he did not yet know that this is a normal phenomenon, and therefore he said: Woe is me; perhaps because I sinned the world is becoming dark around me and will ultimately return to the primordial state of chaos and disorder. And this is the death that was sentenced upon me from Heaven, as it is written: “And to dust shall you return” (Genesis 3:19). He arose and spent eight days in fasting and in prayer.
https://www.sefaria.org/Avodah_Zarah...h=all&lang2=en

و للرد نقول :

اولا : ان دعوى الاقتباس هنا قائمة على اساس باطل الا و هي دعوى ان التلمود كله باطل و مجرد عمل متاخر يحتوي على الخرافات و الحقيقة هي ان التلمود و ان بدا تدوينه في القرن الثاني الميلادي الا انه تجميع لتراث شفهي يرجع بعضه الى زمن السبي او حتى ما قبل السبي بقول النقاد
و تتضح اهميته الجلية عند اليهود في اطلاقهم عليه تسمية " التوراة الشفهية" فالتلمود عندهم يعتبر اهم المصادر بعد التناخ (العهد القديم) حيث يضم المشناة و الهاجاداه و يعتبر عندهم بقية علوم الانبياء التي لم يتم تدوينها في اسفار العهد القديم و تم تناقلها شفهيا .
بمعنى اخر يمكننا ان نقول ان التلمود يمثل التراث الشفهي اليهودي الممتد من فترة السبي و ما قبله الى قرون تالية .
نقرا من الموسوعة اليهودية JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA:
As early as the third century Joshua ben Levi interpreted Deut. ix. 10 to mean that the entire Law, including Miḳra, Mishnah, Talmud, and Haggadah, had been revealed to Moses on Sinai (Yer. Pes. 17a, line 59; Meg. 74d, 25), while in Gen. R. lxvi. 3 the blessings invoked in Gen. xxvii. 28 are explained as "Miḳra, Mishnah, Talmud, and Haggadah." The Palestinian haggadist Isaac divided these four branches into two groups: (1) the Miḳra and the Haggadah, dealing with subjects of general interest; and (2) the Mishnah and the Talmud, "which can not hold the attention of those who hear them" (Pesiḳ. 101b; see Bacher, "Ag. Pal. Amor." ii. 211)
....
The history of the origin of the Talmud is the same as that of the Mishnah—a tradition, transmitted orally for centuries, was finally cast into definite literary form, although from the moment in which the Talmud became the chief subject of study in the academies it had a double existence, and was accordingly, in its final stage, redacted in two different forms. The Mishnah of Judah I. was adopted simultaneously in Babylon and Palestine as the halakic collection par excellence; and at the same time the development of the Talmud was begun both at Sepphoris, where the Mishnah was redacted, and at Nehardea and Sura, where Judah's pupils Samuel and Rab engaged in their epoch-making work. The academies of Babylon and of Palestine alike regarded the study of the Mishnah and its interpretation as their chief task. The Amoraim, as the directors and members of these academies were called ( see Amora), became the originators of the Talmud; and its final redaction marked the end of the amoraic times in the same way that the period of the Tannaim was concluded by the compilation of the Mishnah of Judah I. Like the Mishnah, the Talmud was not the work of one author or of several authors, but was the result of the collective labors of many successive generations, whose toil finally resulted in a book unique in its mode of development.
......
After the completion of the Talmud as a work of literature, it exercised a twofold influence as a historical factor in the history of Judaism and its followers, not only in regard to the guidance and formulation of religious life and thought, but also with respect to the awakening and development of intellectual activity. As a document of religion the Talmud acquired that authority which was due to it as the written embodiment of the ancient tradition, and it fulfilled the task which the men of the Great Assembly set for the representatives of the tradition when they said, "Make a hedge for the Torah" (Ab. i. 2). Those who professed Judaism felt no doubt that the Talmud was equal to the Bible as a source of instruction and decision in problems of religion, and every effort to set forth religious teachings and duties was based on it; so that even the great systematic treatise of Maimonides, which was intended to supersede the Talmud, only led to a more thorough study of it. In like manner
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14213-talmud

ثانيا : الجزم بالاقتباس باطل لان تدوين التلمود لم يتم على مرحلة واحدة قبل الاسلام بل امتد تدوينه لقرون طويلة على مدى اجيال اشرف على جمعه عدد من الكتاب و تعرض لبعض التنقيحات على مدى قرون :
نقرا من الموسوعة اليهودية JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA :
The date at which the Talmud was committed to writing is purely conjectural. The work itself contains neither statements nor allusions to show that any complete or partial copy of the work redacted and completed by Ashi and Rabina had been made in their days; and the same lack of information characterizes both Yerushalmi and the Mishnah (the basis of both the Talmudim), as well as the other works of the tannaitic period. There are, however, allusions, although they are only sporadic, which show that the Halakah and the Haggadah were committed to writing; for copies were described as being in the possession of individual scholars, who were occasionally criticized for owning them. This censure was based on an interdiction issued in the third century, which forbade any one to commit the teachings of tradition to writing or to use a manuscript of such a character in lecturing (see Giṭ. 60a; Tem. 14b).
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14213-talmud

و هذا يعني ان جمع التلمود في كتاب واحد بدا مع الحبر اشي في القرن الرابع ثم الحبر رابي في بداية القرن الخامس الميلادي
نقرا من الموسوعة اليهودية JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA :
ASHI:
By: Marcus Jastrow, Wilhelm Bacher
A celebrated Babylonian amora; born 352; died 427; reestablished the academy at Sura, and was the first editor of the Babylonian Talmud. According to a tradition preserved in the academies (Ḳid. 72b), Ashi was born in the same year that Raba, the great teacher of MaḦuza, died, and he was the first teacher of any importance in the Babylonian colleges after Raba's death.
When Ashi undertook the final redaction of the Talmud he evidently had at his disposal notes of this kind, although Brüll (l.c. p. 18) is probably correct in ascribing to Rabina the first complete written copy of the Talmud; Rabina had as collaborators many of the Saboraim, to whom an ancient and incontrovertible tradition assigns numerous additions to the Talmudic text.
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/1945-ashi

و نقرا من الموسوعة اليهودية JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA:
RABINA I.:
By: Wilhelm Bacher, Jacob Zallel Lauterbach
Babylonian amora of the fifth generation; died about 420. He was a pupil of Raba b. Joseph b. Ḥama, and his extreme youthfulness at that time is shown by the fact that his teacher designated him and Ḥama b. Bisa as "dardeḳi" (children; B. B. 16b).....
When R. Ashi became director of the Academy of Sura (or Matah Meḥasya), Rabina became a student there, although he was at least as old as Ashi—perhaps even a few years older; however, he was rather the associate of Ashi ("talmid ḥaber") than his pupil ('Er. 63a). Next to Ashi, Rabina had the greatest share in the redaction of the Talmud undertaken by Ashi and his colleagues. Rabina died seven years before Ashi.
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/ar...12505-rabina-i

الا ان ما كتبوه تمت الاضافة اليه و التعديل عليه اكثر من مرة فالحبر رابينا اضاف و نقح بعضا مما كتبه الحبر اشي ثم مع توالي الاجيال جاءت تعديلات و اضافات اكثر
نقرا في الموسوعة اليهودية JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA :
The academies of Babylon and of Palestine alike regarded the study of the Mishnah and its interpretation as their chief task. The Amoraim, as the directors and members of these academies were called ( see Amora), became the originators of the Talmud; and its final redaction marked the end of the amoraic times in the same way that the period of the Tannaim was concluded by the compilation of the Mishnah of Judah I. Like the Mishnah, the Talmud was not the work of one author or of several authors, but was the result of the collective labors of many successive generations, whose toil finally resulted in a book unique in its mode of development.
......
. When Ashi undertook the final redaction of the Talmud he evidently had at his disposal notes of this kind, although Brüll (l.c. p. 18) is probably correct in ascribing to Rabina the first complete written copy of the Talmud; Rabina had as collaborators many of the Saboraim, to whom an ancient and incontrovertible tradition assigns numerous additions to the Talmudic text.
No Formal Ratification.
When Rabina died a written text of the Talmud was already in existence, the material contributed by the Saboraim being merely additions; although in thus extending the text they simply continued what had been done since the first redaction of the Talmud by Ashi. The Saboraim, however, confined themselves to additions of a certain form which made no change whatsoever in the text as determined by them under the direction of Rabina (on these saboraic additions as well as on other accretions in Babli, see the statements by Brüll, l.c. pp. 69-86). Yet there is no allusion whatever to a formal sanction of the written text of the Talmud; for neither did such a ratification take place nor was a formal one at all necessary. The Babylonian academies, which produced the text in the course of 300 years, remained its guardians when it was reduced to writing; and it became authoritative in virtue of its acceptance by the successors of the Amoraim, as the Mishnah had been sanctioned by the latter and was made the chief subject of study, thus becoming a basis for halakic decisions. The traditions, however, underwent no further development; for the "horayot," or the independent exegesis of the Mishnah and the halakic decisions based on this exegesis, ceased with Ashi and Rabina, and thus with the completion of the Talmud, as is stated in the canon incorporated in the Talmud itself (B. M. 86a). The Mishnah, the basal work of halakic tradition, thenceforth shared its authority with the Talmud.
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14213-talmud

وقد اختلف في متى اخذ التلمود شكله النهائي او بالاحرى متى تم الانتهاء من تدوين التلمود فبينما بعض الباحثين يرى ان ذلك تم في 500 ميلادية ، يرى الاخرون ان التاريخ الارجح لذلك هو في 700 ميلادية
نقرا من the cambridge companion to the talmud and rabbinic literature الصفحة 59 :



http://aveinu.homestead.com/The_Camb...literature.pdf

ثالثا :الجزم بالاقتباس باطل هنا نظرا لعدم توفر اي مخطوطة للتلمود اليوم يعود تاريخها لما قبل الاسلام .
نقرا في الموسوعة اليهودية JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA :
Earliest Manuscript of the Babli.
In the editions the Babylonian Talmud is so arranged that each paragraph of the Mishnah is followed by the portion of the Talmud which forms the commentary on it; the portions are frequently divided into sections, rubricked by the successive sentences of the mishnaic paragraph on which they are based, although an entire paragraph occasionally serves as a single text. Thus Babli on Ket. ii. 1 (16a-18b) is divided into six sections; but there is no division into sections for ii. 2 (18b-20b), ii. 3 (20b-22a), ii. 5 (23b), and ii. 9 (27b-28a). There are three sections for ii. 4 (23a); two for ii. 6 (23b-26a), ii. 7 (26b-27a), and ii. 8 (27a, b); and eight for ii. 10 (28a, b). In the Munich codex, which is based on a manuscript of the middle of the ninth century (see Lewy in "Breslauer Jahresbericht," 1905, p. 28), the text of the entire chapter of the Mishnah is written in large characters on the inner portion of the page, separated from the Talmudic text, which is in a different script. In the fragments in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, written in 1123 and containing a portion of the treatise Keritot (see "J. Q. R." ix. 145), each chapter is headed by the entire mishnaic text on which it is based
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14213-talmud

فاقدم مخطوطة للتلمود عندنا هي مخطوطة ميونخ و التي هي في الاصل نسخت من مخطوطة اخرى في منتصف القرن التاسع
وقد تم نسخ مخطوطة ميونخ في القرن الرابع عشر الميلادي
نقرا من FREDBERG JEWISH MANUSCRIPT SOCIETY:
Between the years 1342 and 1343 Shlomo ben Shimshon copied by hand the complete Babylonian Talmud in one volume containing 577 pages. Thetype of script Shlomo ben Shimshon used was not the elegant square script commonly used for writing canonical treatises, but a middling script—that enabled a denser and more massive script and with which the copyist was able to include all 37 tractates of the Talmud in addition to the Mishna in a single volume. Apparently, Shlomo ben Shimshon’s achievement is unprecedented—not only for being the only volume of the Babylonian Talmud preserved in manuscript, but primarily for being the only one created from the outset as a single volume. Over the generations, the manuscript made its way across Europe, passing among various owners who left their signatures in the body of the manuscript. We do not know the name of its original owner since his name was erased by one of the manuscript’s later owners. Various hypotheses have been raised about its whereabouts in the intervening centuries, but what is certain is that some time during the nineteenth century this volume, along and other religious manuscripts, were collected from a German church and placed in the Munich State Library, hence its name—The Munich Manuscript.
http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nlis/en/...munich_95.aspx

رابعا : دعوى الاقتباس من يهود الجزيرة العربية مردودة هنا نظرا لاختلاف البيئة اليهودية في الجزيرة العربية عن تلك الموجودة خارج الجزيرة العربية من جهة الثقافة الدينية و الاجتماعية
فقد ذكر بعض النقاد ان يهود الجزيرة العربية تميزوا بعدة امور تفصلهم عن يهود الشام و العراق و مصر :

اولا : الانعزالية الاجتماعية و البعد الجغرافي عن بقية يهود العالم مما جعل يهود الجزيرة العربية شبه منقطعين عن بقية يهود العالم و لا يربطهم الا مسمى الديانة و رابطة الدم
ثانيا : ضحالة العلم الديني لدى يهود الجزيرة العربية مقارنة ببقية يهود العالم .
و مما يدل على هذا ما نقرؤه في كتاب تاريخ اليهود في بلاد العرب لاسرائيل ولفنسون الصفحة 11 -12:





file:///Users/MacbookPro/Downloads/مكتبة نور - تاريخ اليهود في بلاد العرب في الجاهلية وصدر الإسلام.pdf

ويؤيد هذا ما تقوله الموسوعة اليهودية JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA عن احبار يهود المدينة (الذي في نظرهم كانوا مصدرا من مصادر القران حسب ادعائهم و حاش لله )
he connected his teaching with that of the Holy Scriptures of the Jews and Christians, of whose contents, however, he had in many particulars only a very imperfect knowledge—his teachers having been monks or half-educated Jews—and this knowledge he often repeated in a confused and perverted fashion.
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8263-islam

ثالثا : ذكر ان يهود الجزيرة العربية من ضحالة علمهم في نظر بقية اليهود لم يكونوا ينفذوا وصايا التلمود بل ان التلمود لم يكن مصدرا مهما لهم
نقرا من كتاب تاريخ اليهود في بلاد العرب لاسرائيل ولفنسون الصفحة 13



يتبع

[محمد سني 1989]

خامسا : امية النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم تسقط دعوى الاقتباس من اساسها فكيف لعربي امي لا يجيد القراءة و لا الكتابة بالعربية ان يقرا و يطالع كتابا يهوديا مكتوب بالعبرية او السريانية او الحبشية (كما سنوضح لاحقا ) !!!!! .
قال تعالى : ((وَمَا كُنتَ تَتْلُو مِن قَبْلِهِ مِن كِتَابٍ وَلَا تَخُطُّهُ بِيَمِينِكَ ۖ إِذًا لَّارْتَابَ الْمُبْطِلُونَ (48) بَلْ هُوَ آيَاتٌ بَيِّنَاتٌ فِي صُدُورِ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ ۚ وَمَا يَجْحَدُ بِآيَاتِنَا إِلَّا الظَّالِمُونَ (49)))

و نقرا في صحيح البخاري كتاب الصوم باب قول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لا نكتب ولا نحسب
1814 حدثنا آدم حدثنا شعبة حدثنا الأسود بن قيس حدثنا سعيد بن عمرو أنه سمع ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال إنا أمة أمية لا نكتب ولا نحسب الشهر هكذا وهكذا يعني مرة تسعة وعشرين ومرة ثلاثين

و نقرا في صحيح بن حبان كتاب السير باب الموادعة و المهادنة رقم الحديث: 4982
(حديث مرفوع) أَخْبَرَنَا النَّضْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الْعِجْلِيُّ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى ، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ ، قَالَ : " اعْتَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ ، فَأَبَى أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ أَنْ يَدَعُوهَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ مَكَّةَ حَتَّى قَاضَاهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يُقِيمَ بِهَا ثَلاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ، فَلَمَّا كَتَبُوا الْكِتَابَ كَتَبُوا هَذَا مَا قَاضَى عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ، فَقَالُوا : لا نُقِرُّ بِهَذَا ، لَوْ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ مَا مَنَعْنَاكَ شَيْئًا ، وَلَكِنْ أَنْتَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، فَقَالَ : أَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ، وَأَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، فَقَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ : امْحُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، قَالَ : وَاللَّهِ لا أَمْحُوكَ أَبَدًا ، فَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْكِتَابَ وَلَيْسَ يُحْسِنُ يَكْتُبُ ، فَأَمَرَ ، فَكَتَبَ مَكَانَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدًا ، فَكَتَبَ هَذَا مَا قَاضَى عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، أَنْ لا يَدْخَلَ مَكَّةَ بِالسِّلاحِ إِلا السَّيْفَ ، وَلا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا بِأَحَدٍ يَتْبَعُهُ ، وَلا يَمْنَعُ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ إِنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُقِيمَ بِهَا ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَهَا وَمَضَى الأَجَلُ أَتَوْا عَلِيًّا

و نقرا في صحيح مسلم كتاب الجهاد و السير باب صلح الحديبية
1783 حدثنا إسحق بن إبراهيم الحنظلي وأحمد بن جناب المصيصي جميعا عن عيسى بن يونس واللفظ لإسحق أخبرنا عيسى بن يونس أخبرنا زكرياء عن أبي إسحق عن البراء قال لما أحصر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عند البيت صالحه أهل مكة على أن يدخلها فيقيم بها ثلاثا ولا يدخلها إلا بجلبان السلاح السيف وقرابه ولا يخرج بأحد معه من أهلها ولا يمنع أحدا يمكث بها ممن كان معه قال لعلي اكتب الشرط بيننا بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم هذا ما قاضى عليه محمد رسول الله فقال له المشركون لو نعلم أنك رسول الله تابعناك ولكن اكتب محمد بن عبد الله فأمر عليا أن يمحاها فقال علي لا والله لا أمحاها فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أرني مكانها فأراه مكانها فمحاها وكتب ابن عبد الله .

و نقرا في السنن الكبرى للبيهقي كتاب النكاح
12916 باب لم يكن له أن يتعلم شعرا ولا يكتب قال الله تعالى: ( وما علمناه الشعر وما ينبغي له )
وقال: ( فآمنوا بالله ورسوله النبي الأمي ) قال بعض أهل التفسير: الأمي: الذي لا يقرأ الكتاب ، ولا يخط بيمينه . وهذا قول مقاتل بن سليمان ، وغيره من أهل التفسير .
( وأخبرنا ) أبو حازم الحافظ ، أنبأ أبو بكر الإسماعيلي ، ثنا علي بن سراج المصري ، ثنا محمد بن عبد الرحمن ، ابن أخي حسين الجعفي ، ثنا أبو أسامة ، عن إدريس الأودي ، عن الحكم بن عتيبة ، عن مجاهد ، عن عبد الله بن عباس - رضي الله عنهما - في قوله - عز وجل: ( وما كنت تتلو من قبله من كتاب ولا تخطه بيمينك ) ، قال: لم يكن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - يقرأ ، ولا يكتب .

هذا مع الاخذ بعين الاعتبار ان التلمود ان كان متوفرا لدى يهود الجزيرة العربية (على عكس ما ذكره اسرائيل ولفنسون في النقطة الرابعة اعلاه) فانه لا يمكن الا ان يكون باللغة العبرية او السريانية او حتى الحبشية و ان كان احتمالا ضئيلا
نقرا من الموسوعة اليهودية JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA :
What he received from the Jews was mixed with haggadic elements current orally among Arabian Jews or existing in written form [—probably preserved in Ethiopic translations of Hebrew pseudepigraphic writings.—K.];
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8263-islam

سادسا : التلمود بحد ذاته لم يكن متوفرا الا لكبار احبار اليهود و الدارسين منهم و ليس للعوام منهم فكيف يمكن لامي عربي ان يصل الى التلمود و يقتبس منها :
نقرا من الموسوعة اليهودية :
it became an encyclopedia of Jewish faith and scholarship, comprising whatsoever the greatest representatives of Judaism in Palestine and in Babylon had regarded as objects of study and investigation and of teaching and learning, during the three centuries which elapsed from the conclusion of the Mishnah to the completion of the Talmud itself. When the Mishnah, with the many ancient traditions to which it had given rise since the latter centuries of the Second Temple, was incorporated into the Talmud as its text-book, the Talmud became a record of the entire epoch which was represented by the Jewish schools of Palestine and Babylon, and which served as a stage of transition from the Biblical period to the later aspect of Judaism. Although the Talmud is an academic product and may be characterized in the main as a report (frequently with the accuracy of minutes) of the discussions of the schools, it also sheds a flood of light on the culture of the people outside the academies. The interrelation between the schools and daily life, and the fact that neither teachers nor pupils stood aloof from that life, but took part in it as judges, instructors, and expounders of the Law, caused the Talmud to represent even non-scholastic affairs with an abundance of minute details, and made it an important source for the history of civilization. Since, moreover, the religious law of the Jews dealt with all the circumstances of life, the Talmud discusses the most varied branches of human knowledge—astronomy and medicine, mathematics and law, anatomy and botany—thus furnishing valuable data for the history of science also.
..... The Talmud has been made the subject or the starting-point of a large portion of this widely ramified literature, which has been the product of the intellectual activity induced by its study, and to which both scholars in the technical sense of the word and also a large number of the studious Jewish laity have contributed. The same faculties which had been exercised in the composition of the Talmud were requisite also for the study of it; the Talmud therefore had an exceedingly stimulating influence upon the intellectual powers of the Jewish people, which were then directed toward other departments of knowledge. It is a noteworthy fact that the study of the Talmud gradually
became a religious duty, and thus developed into an intellectual activity having no ulterior object in view. Consequently it formed a model of study for the sake of study.
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14213-talmud

نقرا من كتاب التلمود اصله و تسلسله و ادابه الصفحة الثامنة


file:///Users/MacbookPro/Downloads/مكتبة نور - التلمود أصله وتسلسله وآدابه.pdf

نقرا في الشفا بتعريف حقوق المصطفى الجزء الاول :
(( فصل السابع : الإخبار عن القرون السالفة الوجه الرابع : ما أنبأ به من أخبار القرون السالفة ، والأمم البائدة ، والشرائع الداثرة ، مما كان لا يعلم منه القصة الواحدة إلا الفذ من أحبار أهل الكتاب الذي قطع عمره في تعلم ذلك ، فيورده النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - على وجهه ، ويأتي به على نصه ، فيعترف العالم بذلك بصحته ، وصدقه ، وأن مثله لم ينله بتعليم .
وقد علموا أنه - صلى الله عليه وسلم - أمي لا يقرأ ، ولا يكتب ، ولا اشتغل بمدارسة ، ولا مثافنة ، ولم يغب عنهم ، ولا جهل حاله أحد منهم .
وقد كان أهل الكتاب كثيرا ما يسألونه - صلى الله عليه وسلم - عن هذا ، فينزل عليه من القرآن ما يتلو عليهم منه ذكرا ، كقصص الأنبياء مع قومهم ، وخبر موسى ، والخضر ، ويوسف ، وإخوته ، وأصحاب الكهف ، وذي القرنين ، ولقمان وابنه ، وأشباه ذلك من الأنباء ، وبدء الخلق ، وما في التوراة ، والإنجيل ، والزبور ، وصحف إبراهيم ، وموسى ، مما صدقه فيه العلماء بها ، ولم يقدروا على تكذيب ما ذكر منها ، بل أذعنوا لذلك ، فمن موفق آمن بما سبق له من خير ، ومن شقي معاند حاسد ، ومع هذا لم يحك عن واحد من النصارى ، واليهود على شدة عداوتهم له ، وحرصهم على تكذيبه ، وطول احتجاجه عليهم بما في كتبهم ، وتقريعهم بما انطوت عليه مصاحفهم ، وكثرة سؤالهم له - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ، وتعنيتهم إياه عن أخبار أنبيائهم ، وأسرار علومهم ، ومستودعات سيرهم ، وإعلامه لهم بمكتوم شرائعهم ، ومضمنات كتبهم ، مثل سؤالهم عن الروح ، وذي القرنين ، وأصحاب الكهف ، وعيسى ، وحكم الرجم ، وما حرم إسرائيل على نفسه ، وما حرم عليهم من الأنعام ، ومن طيبات أحلت لهم فحرمت عليهم ببغيهم . ))

و اختم بتقديم جزيل الشكر للاخ مسلم 77 و الدكتور عبد الرحمن اللذان افاداني في موضوعهما (نسف التلموديات : المقدمة) بكتاب تاريخ اليهود في بلاد العرب للدكتور اسرائيل ولفنسون و كتاب التلمود اصله وتسلسله و ادابه
https://www.ebnmaryam.com/vb/t183901.html

هذا وصلى الله على سدنا محمد و على اله وصحبه وسلم